Guizhou, a province nestled in the southwestern part of China, remains one of the country’s most enchanting and unexplored regions. With its rich cultural heritage, spectacular natural landscapes, and diverse ethnic groups, Guizhou offers travelers an authentic glimpse into China’s more traditional, untouched wonders. In this article, we’ll explore everything Guizhou has to offer, including its history, geography, ethnic culture, famous attractions, food, and travel tips. Whether you’re planning a trip to explore its natural beauty, unique culture, or historical sites, Guizhou is sure to leave an unforgettable impression.
Geography and Location of Guizhou
Guizhou, with its capital city Guiyang, is located in the southwestern part of China. It shares borders with Sichuan and Chongqing to the north, Yunnan to the west, Guangxi to the south, and Hunan to the east. The province covers an area of approximately 176,167 square kilometers (68,018 square miles), making it one of China’s medium-sized provinces in terms of area. Despite its size, Guizhou is relatively less populated compared to other provinces, with a population of approximately 36 million people as of 2018.
Guizhou Province Map
Guizhou’s geographical coordinates range from 24°37′ to 29°13′ N and 103°36′ to 109°35′ E, placing it within the subtropical humid monsoon climate zone. The province is known for its rugged terrain, including mountains, plateaus, hills, and karst landforms, which make it a unique and picturesque destination. The famous karst landscapes of Guizhou, including caves, waterfalls, and mountains, have earned it a reputation for natural beauty that rivals more well-known regions in China.
Guizhou Travel Maps
Guizhou Travel Map
Guizhou Villages Map
Guizhou Climate: Subtropical and Pleasant Year-Round
Guizhou Climate
The subtropical humid monsoon climate in Guizhou creates mild temperatures year-round. The average annual temperature is around 15°C, with the coldest month, January, averaging between 3°C and 6°C, and the hottest month, July, reaching between 22°C and 25°C. Due to the province’s high relative humidity (greater than 70% year-round), travelers can expect frequent rainfall, particularly during the summer months.
The moderate climate, combined with its lush landscapes, makes Guizhou a popular destination for tourists seeking respite from the sweltering heat in other parts of China. Guiyang, the provincial capital, is often referred to as the “World’s Summer Resort” due to its cool, pleasant weather, making it an ideal base for exploration.
The Rich Ethnic Diversity of Guizhou
Girls Wearing Ethnic Minority Costumes in Guizhou
One of the most fascinating aspects of Guizhou is its rich ethnic diversity. The province is home to 48 different ethnic groups, making it the second most ethnically diverse region in China after Yunnan. These groups include the Miao, Dong, Yi, Tujia, and Buyi peoples, each with its own distinct traditions, languages, clothing, and customs.
Visitors to Guizhou will find it is a land of vibrant culture, where ethnic minorities live alongside one another, maintaining their unique way of life. The province’s villages are an ideal place to experience authentic ethnic cultures. The Miao and Dong villages are particularly famous for their traditional architecture, elaborate festivals, and colorful clothing.
Miao People
The Miao ethnic group is one of the largest and most recognized in Guizhou. Miao villages such as Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village and Langde Upper Miao Village are popular tourist spots, offering a deep dive into Miao culture. The Miao people are renowned for their intricate silver jewelry, vibrant embroidery, and festive attire. Visitors can explore traditional Miao stilt houses and learn about the unique customs that have been passed down through generations.
Dong People
The Dong ethnic group is another prominent minority in Guizhou. Dong villages are famous for their unique wooden drum towers and wind-and-rain bridges, which are iconic elements of Dong architecture. Zhaoxing Dong Village, one of the largest Dong villages in China, is a must-visit for travelers interested in traditional wooden structures and folk performances.
Other Ethnic Groups
Guizhou is also home to the Tujia, Yi, Buyi, and other smaller ethnic groups, each with its own fascinating culture. The Yi people, for instance, have their own distinct language, customs, and festivals. Visiting villages such as Zhenyuan Ancient Town and the Buyi Stone Village provides insight into the traditions and lifestyles of these lesser-known groups.
The Natural Beauty of Guizhou: A Land of Waterfalls, Caves, and Karst Formations
Guizhou’s natural scenery is perhaps its most compelling feature. The province is a treasure trove of awe-inspiring landscapes, from towering waterfalls to mysterious caves and otherworldly karst formations. The combination of its diverse topography and climate results in a stunning array of natural wonders that are sure to captivate travelers.
Huangguoshu Waterfall
Arguably the most famous attraction in Guizhou, Huangguoshu Waterfall is the largest waterfall in China and one of the largest in Asia. The waterfall, which is located in Anshun, is part of a larger scenic area that includes smaller waterfalls, caves, and pools. The main waterfall is an impressive 77.8 meters high and 101 meters wide, making it a truly breathtaking sight to behold.
Huangguoshu Waterfall
Dragon Palace Cave
Longgong Palace, located in the Anshun region, is one of the most beautiful karst caves in China. The cave is known for its colorful underground rivers and stunning limestone formations. Visitors can explore the cave by boat, floating past stalactites and stalagmites that have taken on fantastical shapes over millions of years.
Dragon Palace Cave
Mount Fanjing
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mount Fanjing is one of the most sacred mountains in China and is renowned for its unique landscape and Buddhist temples. The mountain features steep cliffs, dense forests, and iconic mushroom-shaped peaks, creating a surreal and peaceful atmosphere. Hiking to the summit offers panoramic views of the surrounding karst terrain.
Mount Fanjing
Zhijin Cave
Located in the northern part of Guizhou, Zhijin Cave is another spectacular karst cave that is over 500,000 years old. The cave is known for its massive stalactites, stalagmites, and intricate rock formations, making it one of the most beautiful caves in China.
Zhijin Cave
Jiabang Rice Terraces
While Guizhou is primarily known for its mountainous terrain, it is also home to one of China’s most stunning agricultural landscapes. The Jiabang Rice Terraces are located in the mountains of southeastern Guizhou and are famous for their breathtaking views. The terraces are often shrouded in mist, creating a mystical, dream-like landscape that photographers and nature lovers will appreciate.
Jiabang Rice Terraces
Guizhou’s Rich Cultural Heritage
Guizhou Festival
In addition to its natural beauty, Guizhou boasts a rich cultural heritage that is deeply intertwined with its diverse ethnic groups. The province is a hub for traditional Chinese festivals, many of which celebrate the customs, beliefs, and practices of the Miao, Dong, and other ethnic communities. The most famous festivals include:
Sanyuesan Festival
Celebrated by the Miao people, the Sanyuesan Festival is a major event that takes place every year on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar. The festival is marked by traditional singing, dancing, and wearing of colorful costumes.
Sister’s Meal Festival
The Sister’s Meal Festival is another Miao celebration that takes place in the spring. It is a time when young Miao women invite their lovers to share a special meal, often involving glutinous rice and pork. The festival is known for its lively atmosphere and traditional performances.
Liuyueliu Festival
Held during the summer months, the Liuyueliu Festival is celebrated by the Dong ethnic group. The festival includes a series of ceremonies, music, and dances that celebrate the harvest and honor ancestors.
Shui New Year Festival
The Shui New Year Festival is celebrated by the Shui people, one of Guizhou’s lesser-known ethnic groups. It is a time for feasting, dancing, and honoring ancestors, and it offers a unique cultural experience for visitors.
Guizhou Cuisine
Guizhou Cuisine
Guizhou is famous for its bold, spicy cuisine, which features hot, sour, and savory flavors. Guizhou cuisine (Qian cuisine) is characterized by its use of chili peppers, garlic, vinegar, and pickled vegetables, making it one of the spiciest regional cuisines in China.
Famous Dishes and Snacks
- Suan Tang Yu (Sour Soup Fish): This is perhaps the most iconic dish in Guizhou. It is made with fresh fish, sour pickled vegetables, and a tangy, spicy broth.
- Griddle-Cooked Dishes: Guizhou’s griddle-cooked dishes are similar to hot pots but cooked on a flat griddle. Ingredients like meat, vegetables, and tofu are grilled on the griddle and served with dipping sauces.
- Chang Wang Noodles: A popular snack made from hand-pulled noodles served with a spicy, flavorful broth.
- Lian’ai Doufu Guo: A savory dish made with tofu, beans, and vegetables, often served with rice.
Guizhou’s Famous Liquor: Moutai
Moutai
Guizhou is the birthplace of Moutai, one of China’s most famous liquors. Made from sorghum, Moutai is a type of Chinese baijiu that has a unique flavor and is often enjoyed during festivals and celebrations. It is regarded as one of the world’s finest distilled spirits, on par with French brandy and Scotch whisky.
Transportation in Guizhou
Guizhou Railway Station
Guizhou, while known for its rugged terrain, is relatively easy to navigate thanks to its growing infrastructure. The province offers a variety of transportation options, including flights, trains, buses, and private car services. Whether you are traveling to Guiyang or exploring its more remote corners, here’s everything you need to know to make your journey as smooth as possible:
By Air: Accessing Guizhou from Major Cities
Air travel is the fastest and most convenient way to reach Guizhou, particularly if you are coming from another major city in China or abroad.
- Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport: The main gateway into Guizhou, this airport serves both domestic and international flights. From here, visitors can easily access Guiyang, the province’s capital, as well as other regional cities like Anshun and Kaili. The airport is connected to many major Chinese cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, and Guangzhou. It also has international flights to places like Bangkok, Singapore, and Kuala Lumpur, making it accessible for overseas tourists.
- Other Airports: There are smaller regional airports scattered throughout the province, such as Anshun Huangguoshu Airport and Tongren Fenghuang Airport. While these airports cater to domestic flights, they are ideal for visitors traveling to specific destinations like the famous Huangguoshu Waterfall or Mount Fanjing.
By Train: A Comfortable and Scenic Ride
Guizhou’s expanding high-speed rail network makes it easy to travel within the province and connect to other parts of China.
- Guiyang Railway Station: The central railway hub in Guizhou, Guiyang Railway Station, is well-connected to the high-speed rail network. You can take a fast train from Guiyang to major cities like Chongqing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, and even Beijing. High-speed trains provide a comfortable and scenic journey, passing through Guizhou’s mountainous landscapes.
- Rail Connectivity: High-speed trains link Guiyang to various destinations within the province, including Anshun, Kaili, and Zhenyuan. This makes it easy for travelers to explore Guizhou’s tourist hotspots by rail. For example, the Guiyang to Kaili line, which takes about 1.5 hours, is perfect for those wanting to visit the Miao and Dong ethnic villages in the southeastern part of the province.
- Train Travel Tips: While high-speed trains are fast and comfortable, the provincial trains to smaller towns may be slower and less frequent. Booking tickets in advance is highly recommended, especially during peak travel seasons.
By Bus: Convenient Local Travel
Buses are a reliable and affordable way to explore Guizhou, particularly for traveling to smaller towns and villages that are less accessible by train.
- Intercity Buses: Guiyang’s main bus terminals, including Guiyang East and Guiyang North Bus Stations, offer buses to various tourist destinations such as Huangguoshu Waterfall, Fanjing Mountain, and ethnic villages in Qiandongnan. Travel times can vary, so it’s advisable to check schedules ahead of time.
- Local Buses: Within Guiyang and other major cities like Kaili, Anshun, and Zhenyuan, local buses are an inexpensive and convenient option for getting around. These buses are especially useful for short-distance travel within the city or to nearby attractions. However, they can get crowded during peak hours.
- Tourist Buses: Many travel agencies offer day trips that include bus services to major tourist attractions. This is a great option for those who prefer an organized tour experience with a guide.
How to Plan Your Guizhou Tour
Planning a trip to Guizhou requires some consideration due to its unique geography and cultural attractions. While most visitors typically spend around 5 to 7 days exploring the province, those with more time can delve deeper into its villages, mountains, and towns. It is recommended to begin your journey in Guiyang, the provincial capital, and then venture out to the surrounding regions, such as the famous Huangguoshu Waterfall, the Dong villages of Zhaoxing, and the Miao villages of Xijiang and Langde.
For travelers looking to explore Guizhou in conjunction with other destinations, the province is well connected to other major Chinese destinations such as Guilin, Zhangjiajie, Sichuan, and Yunnan. You can easily extend your journey to places like the terraced fields of Longsheng in Guangxi or the stunning karst landscapes of Yangshuo.
Traveling Around Guizhou: Tips and Recommendations
- Weather Considerations: Guizhou’s weather can be unpredictable, with frequent rain showers, especially in the summer months. It’s always a good idea to carry an umbrella and wear waterproof clothing, especially if you plan to do outdoor activities like hiking or visiting waterfalls. The best time to visit is typically between March and November when the weather is more stable.
- Language Barrier: While Mandarin is the official language of Guizhou, you may encounter people who speak the local dialects or ethnic languages, particularly in rural areas. Learning a few basic Mandarin phrases or using a translation app can be helpful, especially when navigating transportation options.
- Peak Seasons: Guizhou’s tourism peaks during major festivals, particularly the Sister’s Meal Festival in the spring and Chinese New Year (typically in January or February). During these times, transportation can get crowded, and accommodations may book up quickly. It’s advisable to book your tickets and accommodation well in advance.
- Tour Packages: If you prefer a more hassle-free experience, you can consider booking a guided tour package that includes transportation, accommodation, and sightseeing. Many travel agencies (like Journey2tibet) offer customized tours, and they can handle the logistics of getting you from one destination to another.
Discovering the Charm of Guizhou
Guizhou remains a hidden gem in China, offering a wealth of natural beauty, rich cultural traditions, and a glimpse into the lives of some of China’s most fascinating ethnic groups. From its breathtaking waterfalls and karst caves to its vibrant festivals and mouth-watering cuisine, Guizhou is an unmissable destination for travelers seeking adventure, culture, and serenity. Whether you’re an avid hiker, a history buff, or a foodie, Guizhou promises to deliver an unforgettable experience that will linger in your memory for years to come.
